Process of rendering fats.



' No. 660.655. Patented Oct. 36, I900.

A. von PDDEWILS.

PROCESS OF RENDERING FATS.

(Application filed Oct. 20.18993 kNo Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ADALBERT voN PODEWILS, OF MUNICH, GERMANY.

PROCESS OF RENDERING FATS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 660,655, dated October30, 1900. Application filed October 20, 1899- Serial No. 734,179. (Nospecimens.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ADALBERT VON PODE- WILs, a subject of the GermanEmperor, and

a resident of Gliickstrasse 8, Munich, Ger many, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Processes of sterilizing and Removing Fatfrom Animal Garcasses, of which the following is a specification.

Sterilization and removal of fat from animal-carcasses or parts of thesame are done in the apparatus at present used by means of steam underpressure or by boiling liquid that is to say, in a state of ebullition.Both methods possess inherent disadvantages. It has been found that theefiect of compressed steam upon the substance is much hindered by theair contained in the latter and also by the gas developed in theprocess. With such process it is therefore necessary that the substancesremain for a long time under'the influence of steam (or rather of themixture of steam, air, and gas) in order to bring the larger and firmermuscular tissues to the high temperature required by the process. Whenthe substance is boiled in hot liquid, the process is, if the boilingtakes place without overpressure, still slower than when steam is used,and if the boiling ebullition takes place under pressure a thick pulpand emulsion of fat is produced in the liquid extract, from which thefat can only be separated, in a very incomplete degree.

In the novel process hereinafter described the action of steam or liquidin a state of ebullition is replaced by a lixiviation in liquid heatedunder pressure to above 100 Celsius, the liquid being kept at higherpressure than would correspond with its boiling or ebullitiontemperature. The ebullition of the'liquid as long as it is in contactwith the substance under treatment is thus prevented and the gas whichis formed is immediately and energetically forced out by the liquidunder pressure.

As compared with the steaming process and the boiling process withoutpressure this new process is more intense and rapid. It differs from theprocess of boiling under pressure, since the formation of emulsion isavoided, the method of obtaining the fat is easier, and the amount offat obtained larger.

pipes G G.

Convenient apparatus for carrying this process into effect isillustrated in the annexed sheet of drawings, in which- Figure l is avertical section of a boiler or heater for the lixiviating liquid, andFig. 2 is a similar section of a fat-cooler and of a lixiviation vesselshown connected to said boiler. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of amodified form of heater for the lixiviating liquid, and Fig. 4. is asimilar section of the fat-cooler and another form of lixiviating vesselshown connected to the heater of Fig. 3.

The time necessary for carrying out the process is diminished by heatingthe liquid in a separate vessel and then conducting the said liquid onceor several times, according to the size and nature of the carcass, intothe H2:- iviating vessel in which the carcass is placed.

In the drawings, A or A represents the principal vessel in which thecarcass is placed, and B or B represents a separate pressure vessel inwhich the liquid is heated.

The principal vessel A or A must be arranged to close hermetically-forexample, with a door Cand it is preferably rotarily movable. It isdesirable to construct the said vessel in such a manner that after thelixiviating process has been completed the carcass freed from fat can bedried therein. For this purpose the carcass vessel A (represented inFig. 2 as a single cylinder) would be provided with jackets D, and forthe purpose of drying the carcass steam would be conducted therein fromthe boiler Bfor example, through pipe E, hollow axle F, and In Fig. 4the vesselA is inclosed in a masonry chamber D ,equiva1ent to the jacketD, and having a space D surrounding the Vessel A, into which steam maypass from pipe H through branch pipe E.

The separate vessel B for heating under pressure is shown in Fig. 1 as ahorizontal steam-b0iler which would be heated by fire direct; but as itis desirable to conduct the whole process as rapidly as possible it isadvisable that the repeated heating of the liquid should be effected asquickly as possible. I

therefore prefer to use the heater shown in Fig. 3, in which the liquidis heated by admitting steam directly into the liquid. A steam-supplypipe H has branches H leading to the interior of the vessel B. The steamis introduced tangentially and directed a little upward at severalpoints, so that the liquid in the cylindrical vessel B is given aforcible rotating motion. There is arranged inside this vessel B anopen-ended cylinder N, and a branch pipe H leading from steampipe H,passes axially downward into the space within the cylinder N. At theupper part of the vessel a suitably-formed plate I is arranged, so thatthe liquid rising near the periphery of the cylinder in consequence ofthe rotation movement is led to the center, so that by means of thesteam issuing from pipes H and H a downward flow is produced in theinner cylinder N and an upward helicoidal flow in the outer part of thevessel B, and all the liquid passes quickly and closely to the differentsteam-nozzles.

A pipe R connects the water-space of the heater B or B to the hollowtrunnion F of the vessel A, and from this trunnion a pipe R carries theliquid to several place-pipes R entering the vessel A at differentplaces along a line parallel to its axis. A branch pipeR leads from thesteam-pipe E in Fig. 1 or H in Fig. 3 into the pipe R at a suitableplace, and stop-cocks R R R R are provided for stopping oif either thesupply of liquid or of steam, as the case maybe, to the vessel A or A.

L represents a Liebig cooler and through it passes a pipe L, which maybe removably connected to a length of pipe L projecting from the vesselA or A, respectively.

H is a stop-cock in pipe L K is a pipe passing through one of thetrunnions and turned upwardly in the vessel A or A, soas to open thereinnear the uppermost part of the vessel.

K shows balls running loose in the vessel A or A for disintegrating thefiber and other solid matter when it is afterward desiccated. T is a pitfor receiving such disintegrated matter when removed from the cylinder.

The method of employing the two vessels described is as follows: Thecarcass is placed inside the carcass vessel A or A. In the vessel B or Bliquid is heated under pressure to a temperature above 100 Celsius andpassed through the pipe B into the carcass vessel.

In the latter the hot liquid is kept at a pres sure which is higher thanthat corresponding to its boiling temperature. After the rapid exchangeof heat, which takes place without ebullition, part of the liquidt'. 6.,its middle layersis forced through the pipe R, (which is brought to at aconvenient height by turning the vessel A) back into the heating vesselB or B, where it is reheated and forced back again into thetreatment-cylinder A or A. This is repeated as many times as required tobring the whole substance to the desired temperature. The movement ofthe liquid from the vessel B or B to the vessel A or A and back iseffected by using with the aid of compressed air or steam at higherpressure first one and then the other of the vessels as a liquid-raiser.For the further acceleration of the sterilizing and fat-removing processthe lixiviating process can be combined in some suitable manner with theevaporization process by introducing steam into the vessel A or A duringthe heating of the liquid or afterward, or also simultaneously with theintroduction of the same into the treatment-cylinder. The steam requiredfor this purpose can be taken from a steam-boiler or can be generated inthe vessel B from the liquid itself.

In order to take ofi the fat separated by the process and swimming ontop of the liquid, the vessel A or A is rotated until it is in theposition illustrated and the pipes L and L are coupled. Liquid is nowforced from the vessel B or B into the vessel A or A until the latter isfilled entirely and the fat lifted to the cock H, which being openallows it to 'pass ofi through pipes L L. Since the fat has been heatedwith the whole mass to over Celsius and with the last fat particlesthere will also pass over some of the solution or extract, anemulsionwould be formed by ebullition which would take place at the exit of theheated watery solution. In order to prevent this formation of emulsion,the outlet-pipe L passes through the cooler, wherein the fat and smallquantity of solution can be easily cooled to below 100 Celsius. Afterthe fat has been removed the liquid employed as heating agent in thevessel A or A is moved back into the pressure vessel B or B in order tobe used again. After being used a number of times the said liquid willform a meat extract of considerable concentration,

which can be brought to a further degree of concentration by subsequenttreatment.

I declare that what I claim is- 1. An improved method of sterilizinganimal-carcasses and removing the fat therefrom consisting in exposingthem to liquid heated to above 100 Celsius and kept during its contactwith the carcass material ata higher pressure than that corresponding toits boiling temperature in order to prevent ebullition.

2. The improved process for sterilizing animalcarcasses and removing fattherefrom consisting in repeatedly immersing them in liquid heated toabove 100 Celsius under pressure preventing ebullition.

3. The improved process for sterilizing animal-carcasses and removingfat therefrom consisting in repeatedly immersing them in liquid heatedto above 100 Celsius under pres sure preventing ebullition anddischarging the separated fat by further injection of liquid into thecarcass vessel.

4:. The improved process for sterilizing animal-carcasses, removing fattherefrom and separating the fat from the sterilizing liquid,

IIO

In witness whereof I have signed this speci= fication in the presence oftwo witnesses.

ADALBERT VON PODEWILS.

Witnesses:

MAX GUGET, EMIL HENZEL;

